THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS & SERVICES MAGAZINE FOR THE SOUTH-EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES www.tllmedia.bg MARCH ISSN 1312-0670 Visit the SEEIM web site: www.SEE-industry.com issue1/2026 Slovenia's EMS sector
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 2 South-East European Industrial Market is a bimonthly industrial products & services magazine for the South-East European countries Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Northern Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Turkiye, Albania. It is distributed free of charge among the working specialists in the industrial sectors in the region, and the engineering, manufacturing and trade companies in South-Eastern Europe. Editorial Department Dilyana Yordanova - Lead Editor [email protected] % (+359 2) 818 3823 Lyuben Georgiev [email protected] % (+359 2) 818 3808 Pepa Petrunova [email protected] % (+359 2) 818 3822 Advertising & Communications Petya Naydenova % (+359 2) 818 3810 Gergana Nikolova % (+359) 888 595 928 Elena Dimitrova % (+359 2) 818 3815 Mariya Koyadzhikova % (+359) 889 256 232 [email protected] Secretary Zariana Markova [email protected] % (+359 2) 818 3811 ISSN 1312-0670 TLL Media Ltd. © All rights reserved.The artwork, layout design, the articles and all the graphical and text materials used - images, photos, texts, etc., are copyrighted and protected by the law. Unauthorized and unpermitted use is illegal and a copyright infringement. The Publisher shall not be held liable for the contents of the advertisements, advertising layouts and banners, video advertising publications, advertorials and company articles. Copyrights of all mentioned trademarks, registrated trademarkes, etc. belong to their owners. IN THIS ISSUE: www.tllmedia.bg Publishing House 104, Acad. Ivan Geshov Blvd., entr. A, office 9, 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria % (+359 2) 818 3838 e-mail: [email protected] ® 3 TMTS 2026 opens new chapter for Taiwan’s machine tool industry after US tariff easing 6 Slovenia’s EMS sector 12 Croatia’s foundry industry 15 GLO Marine announces EUR 6 million expansion with new integrated facility in Galati 15 EIB backs strategic gallium investment to boost Europe’s critical raw materials supply
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 3 After a year of structural adjustment, Taiwans machine tool sector is stepping into a decisive rebound. Entering 2026, industry confidence is being reinforced by a recovering global manufacturing cycle and improved trade conditions with the United States. Against this backdrop, the Taiwan International Machine Tool Show (TMTS 2026) emerges as a key milestone, projecting Taiwans capabilities in smart manufacturing and global supply chain integration at a moment of renewed competitiveness. Trade breakthrough accelerates industry transformation Recent progress in Taiwan-US trade relations has reshaped the competitive landscape for machine tool exporters. The updated reciprocal tariff framework has eased long-standing cost pressures and created a more level playing field with other advanced manufacturing economies. For Taiwanese manufacturers, this shift is not merely about margin recovery it provides breathing room to reinvest in technology, innovation, and organizational upgrading. The industry is now positioned to translate tariff relief into long-term structural strength, reinforcing its role in high-end global manufacturing networks. TMTS 2026: A flagship edition of unprecedented scale Scheduled for March 25 28, 2026, TMTS will be hosted for the first time at the newly completed Taichung International Convention and Exhibition Center (TICEC). The exhibition has already reached full capacity, underscoring strong international demand, say organizers from the Taiwan Machine Tool & Accessory Builders Association (TMBA). 400 exhibitors across 1800 booths and 70 000 professional visitors are expected to converge, reflecting confidence in Taiwan as a sourcing and innovation hub. Major players like Fair Friend Group (FFG), HIWIN Group, YCM, Tongtai Group, Goodway, AWEA, and FANUC will all be present. Under the theme AI-Powered, Sustainable Manufacturing, TMTS 2026 will emphasize digital integration, intelligent manufacturing, and sustainability-driven value creation. The exhibition is designed to align machine tool innovation with TMTS 2026 opens new chapter for Taiwan’s machine tool industry after US tariff easing fast-growing application markets, capturing new orders while strengthening Taiwans export momentum. TMTS 2026 will also highlight the rapidly rising demand from aerospace manufacturing and will position the machine tool industry at the centre of AI-driven smart manufacturing. The show continues to strengthen links between machine tools and high-value application sectors. This direction was reinforced by the Aerospace Application Day held in Taichung in November 2025, which brought together aerospace and smart manufacturing professionals to discuss AI, automation, and advanced manufacturing processes. Industry leadership and ecosystem collaboration TMTS 2026 will bring together leading domestic and international manufacturers, highlighting the depth of Taiwans industrial base. Beyond individual product displays, TMTS 2026 will place strong focus on ecosystem-style collaboration. System-level solutions, cross-brand integration, and alliance-based demonstrations will showcase how machinery, components, software, and automation can be combined into scalable manufacturing platforms. International participation further reinforces this ecosystem approach. Dedicated pavilions from Europe and North America will facilitate technical exchange and supply chain alignment. From exhibition to factory The return of TMTS to Taichung marks a strategic shift that leverages geography as a competitive asset. Located at the core of Taiwans precision machinery cluster, TICEC offers buyers immediate access not only to exhibition halls but also to nearby production sites. This exhibition-to-factory model allows visitors to validate technologies in real operating environments, accelerating procurement decisions and enhancing trust between suppliers and customers. TICEC itself adds further value. Built to international green building standards and situated within a rapidly developing smart city zone, the venue combines efficient infrastructure, convenient transportation links, and a business-friendly urban environment. Together, these factors elevate TMTS from a conventional trade show into a comprehensive industrial experience. By combining favourable trade conditions, a strategically chosen venue, and a strong emphasis on intelligent, sustainable ecosystems, TMTS 2026 stands as a clear signal: Taiwans machine tool industry is not only recovering, but actively redefining its position in the next phase of global manufacturing. Photo: TMBA
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 4 COMPANY ARTICLE Engineering excellence in turbine blasting and surface preparation means uninterrupted production for our clients Olmet Technology is the official representative for Bulgaria of the Slovenian manufacturer of turbine shot blasting machines, STEM. Could you tell us more about the company’s product portfolio and the application areas of the equipment you offer? Which products are most in demand on the Bulgarian market? I have been working with STEM for more than 25 years. The company itself was established during a period of major changes affecting the entire Balkan Peninsula. STEM was founded by engineers who believed that turbine blasting machines and surface preparation systems should not be treated as standard equipment, but rather as engineered technological solutions. Their goal was to focus on technological development, flexibility toward the end customer, and a creative approach to solving various technological challenges. We listen carefully to our customers in order to provide them with the most efficient and economically viable solutions. Today, our portfolio includes automatic turbine blasting machines, customized shot blasting systems, integrated blasting and painting lines, heavy-duty solutions for foundry blasting, and specialized equipment for complex industrial blasting applications. We supply equipment to foundries, steel structure manufacturers, shipbuilding and ship repair companies, railway wagon producers, automotive manufacturers, energy facilities, defense industry enterprises, and even nuclear energy plants. In foundry environments especially, the blasting process operates under extreme conditions, where durability, turbine efficiency, abrasive control, and wear protection are critical. That is why our turbine blasting solutions are often preferred in heavy industrial applications. Beyond standard machines, STEM is well known for engineering customized turbine blasting systems tailored to specific production processes and surface preparation requirements. You have more than 25 years of experience in shot blasting technology. How have customer requirements changed over this period? In the early years, this part of the technology was often neglected. Few companies wanted to invest in such machines because the operation itself was seriously underestimated. Later, however, it became clear how critical proper blasting is for overall product quality. Good corrosion protection requires proper surface preparation, including optimal roughness and high cleanliness standards. Manufacturers began insisting on sustainable quality and extended warranties, and they also started recognizing the additional costs resulting from skipping this technological step. The next major change came with industry demand for reliable technical service and experts who truly understand the process specialists capable of monitoring and controlling both equipment performance and final results. I believe the added value we provide precisely in this area has made us a preferred partner. Our goal is to build long-term partnerships. We do not see ourselves merely as sellers of machines and abrasives, but as specialists who understand the process and its nuances and who can offer complete solutions, including both machinery and the correct consumables. Which achievements and successes make you most proud? I generally try to avoid pride because it can cloud judgment and disconnect one from reality. However, looking back, over the years we have built a foundation of trust and success with leading Bulgarian foundries such as Progress in Stara Zagora, Ossam in Lovech, Badestnost in Chirpan, Cast Iron Armature in Popovo, Villeroy & Boch in Sevlievo, and many others. Our machines operate at every railway wagon manufacturer in Bulgaria. Our equipment is also used by all major defense industry companies, including Arsenal in Kazanlak, Dunarit in Ruse, and VMZ in Sopot. A complete blasting and painting line operates in Bulgarias largest ship repair yard, Odessos Shiprepair Yard in Varna. We even have machines operating at the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, which means we meet the highest standards and requirements. But what makes me the happiest, and proud in the positive sense, is being welcomed with a smile by maintenance teams and technologists the people on the production frontline. When I hear, Hi, we work well with you; we have no problems with the machine, I know we have done our job properly. Of course, problems do occur; no equipment is immune to failure. What matters is solving them in a way that leaves people feeling supported. When we become one team, that gives me real satisfaction. What trends will shape the shot blasting and surface preparation market over the next 5 – 10 years? Pressure from Asia on European and Bulgarian industry is significant, and manufacturers are striving to reduce costs and remain competitive. I have seen clients invest in cheaper equipment because of attractive initial prices, only to later discover hidden costs and the lack of reliable service and support, especially after the warranty period ends. Rumen Olimpiev, Owner and Manager of Olmet Technology, for South-East European Industrial Market Magazine
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 5 COMPANY ARTICLE I believe the most important factor when choosing a machine supplier will remain finding a reliable partner not merely a trader, but a technical expert who understands both equipment and process and can provide support at every stage. Despite the development of AI, clients still want to talk to people they can reach when needed, who understand their situation and defend their interests. I often tell my clients, Once I commission your machine, I no longer remain STEMs representative to you; I become your representative to STEM. I protect your interests and stand on your side. Over 100 clients in Bulgaria operating more than 130 machines can confirm that I have kept my word. That has been our success factor. What are the approaches for successfully optimizing blasting processes and reducing costs? Very often, the first question a client asks is how much the blasting abrasive costs. However, turbine shot blasting machines are essentially self-destructive systems, and their largest cost components are electricity consumption and spare parts. Electricity is not cheap in our region, which makes optimization crucial. Our added value lies in technical service and consultation on the blasting process itself. With optimal settings, we achieve optimal costs and maximum productivity. We have long collaborated with a leading premium abrasive manufacturer that operates four European testing centers and one R&D center, allowing us to deeply understand blasting process details and equipment operating modes. Every system in the machine influences the entire process, and everything must be correctly balanced to achieve both technological and economic goals. At Olmet Technology, we invested in a mobile laboratory equipped with instruments that monitor all key blasting parameters. We use simulation software and patented devices capable of converting visual cleanliness standards into measurable and comparable values through colorimetric analysis. Our technical visits conclude with expert reports showing clients their current situation, where costs can be saved, what can be improved, and what steps should be taken. For example, at Vidima Ideal Standard, now Villeroy & Boch in Sevlievo, annual production was five million units. Before our intervention, 4560 castings were blasted per eight-hour shift, corresponding to eleven cycles of forty minutes each. After optimization, output increased to 8226 castings in the same time frame through fifteen cycles of eighteen minutes each. Electricity cost per unit also decreased, generating annual savings of nearly EUR 26 000 per machine, and the plant operates two machines. In the end, everything comes down to economics. (Table 1.) www.stem.si What does your after-sales service program include? After selling equipment, we become our clients representatives before the manufacturer, and STEM has always supported this philosophy. In case of technical issues, they respond immediately with service or parts, while investigation comes afterwards. Our priority is uninterrupted production. Good service, process monitoring, and timely response define our identity. Our goal is to act rather than react, anticipating problems and providing preventive support. Out-of-warranty service is handled in the same way as during the warranty period, which is why we are comfortable offering extended warranties. It is simply our way of working. You also supply abrasives for blasting. How is this market developing? Yes, we do. Unlike many trading companies, blasting is our specialization. Our business history began with my father, Olimpi, one of the pioneers in Bulgaria in developing liquid metal granulation systems for producing shot. What began as research at the Bulgarian Institute of Metal Casting evolved into real production and business activity. In his honor, I named the company Olimpiev Metal Technology, which later evolved into Olmet Technology. Today, the third generation continues to work in this direction, so our company is strongly connected to tradition and in-depth specialization. Producing quality abrasive involves many subtleties, and quality requires proper investment. Impressive results cannot be expected from cheap consumables. Today, we know every abrasive producer, their strengths and weaknesses, and how each material affects both machines and processes. What guidance do you give clients when selecting the most suitable abrasive? Selecting an abrasive is not about price alone. It must match the material being blasted, the required surface roughness, turbine energy, the desired cleanliness class, and productivity targets. We follow three principles: fast, cheap, and high quality, knowing that all three cannot exist simultaneously. If the process is fast and high quality, it will not be cheap. If it is cheap and high quality, it will not be fast. If it is fast and cheap, it will not deliver high quality, and this is the option we avoid. In industrial turbine blasting and surface preparation, mediocrity is expensive. What does your development strategy for the next decade include? Technology will continue evolving, AI will support diagnostics, and smart turbine blasting systems will become more common. STEM is already working and investing in that direction. However, I believe something else will become even more valuable human trust. As long as we work with people, we will remain people. And in the world of industrial blasting and surface preparation, trust is just as important as technology. Before STEM-OMT optimisation After STEM-OMT optimisation Benefits Blasting time 40 min/cycle 18 min/cycle Nearly 2 times shorter blasting time Number of cycles per 8h shift 11 cycles 15 cycles 26,7% reduction Blasted quantity per 8h shift 4560 castings 8226 castings 37% higher productivity Energy cost for blasting of 5 MIL castings per year per machine* EUR 78 604 EUR 53 000 Savings of ca. EUR 26 000 Table 1. Cost optimisation and productivity increase in Villeroy & Boch, Bulgaria *Based on energy prices for the current year
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 6 Local growth factors, opportunities and challenges The main production capacities in the country are focused on household appliances, electric motors, transformers, and power grid equipment. Slovenian companies hold leading positions in the production of printed circuit boards, optoelectronic and laser devices, as well as measurement equipment. Unlike large-scale plants in Asia, local suppliers rely on the High-Mix, Low-Volume model, which requires a high degree of flexibility and precise reconfiguration of production facilities for specific, high-tech products. The growth of the sector is driven by strong traditions in scientific research and rigorous quality control. Modern suppliers in the country no longer offer simple component soldering, but provide comprehensive EMS and ODM services. This includes the joint design of electronic circuits, firmware development, and full product life cycle management. Companies are successfully expanding by specializing in sectors where quality is more critical than price, such as medical devices, aerospace, and automotive safety. The Slovenian EMS sector relies on synergy between industry and academia. Leading universities in Ljubljana and Maribor ensure a steady supply of engineering professionals in the fields of microelectronics and robotics. An important driver of competitiveness is the Automotive Cluster of Slovenia (ACS), which integrates electronics manufacturers into global supply chains. Companies widely implement the IPC-A-610 (Class 2 and 3) standard, which guarantees the reliability of soldered assemblies in extreme conditions from spacecraft to industrial sensors. In addition, the sector focuses on hardware-level cybersecurity, developing secure IoT platforms that prevent unauthorized access to the critical infrastructure of smart cities. The Business Development Agency SPIRIT Slovenia and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia (GZS), where the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Association represents the interests of local EMS providers, actively support the sector. The Slovenian industry is at the center of the green and digital transition, providing critical infrastructure for e-mobility, smart grids, and smart cities. The main challenges facing the business remain rising energy costs and the constant need for investment in Industry 4.0 innovations. In the next section, we will present some of the leading companies in the EMS sector in Slovenia, listed in alphabetical order. ATech electronics Established as a Slovenian-Swiss joint-venture in 1990, ATech electronics is a prominent local provider of EMS services. It specializes in cuttingedge electronics design and has an experienced R&D team of engineers. The company, based in southwestern Slovenia, develops smart electronics solutions from intelligent motor controls to the IoT, and serves a broad spectrum of customer industries. It focuses on cost-effective production and a short time-to-market strategy. ATech electronics offers services from prototype design and software and through to safety and EMC standards conSlovenia’s EMS sector Slovenia has established itself as a high-tech hub. Electronics is currently among the fastest growing manufacturing sectors in the country, which results in significant export growth over recent years. It generates nearly EUR 5 billion in annual turnover and employs over 30 000 people. Although the electronics sub-sector alone generates around EUR 850 million in revenue, it maintains a nearly 40% value added rate. Such efficiency level is competitive to leading industrial nations such as Germany and Switzerland. The country has successfully transformed from a popular assembly destination to an important strategic partner for the design and production of complex electronic systems for the European industry. A large number of enterprises, mainly SME, specializing in the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) and original design manufacturing (ODM) sectors, are active in the country. The sector is characterized by highly developed niche companies that focus on critical areas such as automotive, industrial automation, robotics, energy and medical technology. Over 70% of production is export-oriented, and among the main markets are Austria, Germany, the USA and Switzerland.
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 7 formity testing. That includes digital, analogue and mixed signal design, high-voltage, high-current and RF design, PCB design, DFM (Design for Manufacturing), automatic assembling and testing of products. Elrad Through continuous improvements of its production processes and rapid expansion of its engineering and development capabilities, the Elrad Group has successfully expanded its business to three continents Europe, Asia and America. Having at its disposal five global locations and over 1940 employees, Elrad has more than 25 years of experience in the EMS segment. The company has produced more than 47 million units, and it supports its customers in several, or all, stages of the development process of electronic assemblies. Elrad is active in the mass production of these PCB assemblies as well as completely assembled products. It serves different sectors, including: IoT, medical, automotive, robotics, general industry, power tools, small appliances, white goods, etc. EMSplace ÅMSplace provides state-of-the-art and comprehensive EMS services. It is a relatively new business venture of EMA Group from Celje a renowned Slovenian provider of leading industrial marking and tracking solutions. The great market demand for PCBs, manufactured by EMA, propel the company to establish a unit specialized in the EMS field. The new venture combines the value of leading local experts, advanced technological equipment and over three decades of traditions and innovation. Today the company is focused on high-quality SMT and THT assembly of electronic components and products. EMSplace manufactures production series of various sizes, including prototypes. It is also specialized in the assembly of flexible PCBs, AOI control, electrical and functional testing, labeling and tracking, PCB lacquering, etc. Indata Indata is an innovative Slovenian electronics development and manufacturing company established in 1990. In its early years, it focused on the production of lighting control systems and HVAC automation controllers. Over the past two decades, LED technology has rapidly become its core business focus. Today, the company concentrates on the development and production of customized solutions in the fields of LED luminaires, modules and controls, 3D printing, and custom electronics development, among others. Indata specializes in SMD, SMT, and THT technologies. It operates two fully automated SMT production lines: one dedicated to prototypes and small-batch production, and another designed for mass production. In addition to highquality SMT manufacturing, the company is frequently engaged for the assembly and soldering of THT components. Iskra With 76 years of tradition, Iskra operates eight production plants and employs approximately 1650 people, including 80 R&D professionals. The company serves more than 100 markets across sectors such as energy, automotive, telecommunications, and defense. Its EMS capabilities encompass full-cycle manufacturing, supported by automated SMT and THT assembly lines for both simple and highly complex circuits. Services include design and engineering, programming, high-precision quality control, and conformal coating. Iskra specializes in intelligent
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 8 SEE NEWS Taiwan’s premier hardware & tools expo returns in October The TiTE x IHT (Taiwan International Tools & Hardware Expo x International Hardware Expo Taiwan) returns October 20 – 22, 2026 at the Taichung International Convention & Exhibition Center, at the heart of Taiwan’s manufacturing hub. A leading Asian trade fair for hardware and tools, it connects Taiwanese suppliers with global buyers. The 2025 edition featured 400 exhibitors from 15 countries across 800 booths and attracted over 22 000 professional visitors, including more than 500 international buyers from 70 countries. Over 100 matchmaking sessions boosted cross-border business. Building on this momentum, the 2026 show will spotlight tools, machinery, smart manufacturing and industrial solutions, reinforcing Taiwan’s global supply chain strength. 19th edition of SYSKEVASIA to take place in November The 19th edition of SYSKEVASIA – the International Packaging, Machines, Printing & Logistics Exhibition – will take place from 6 to 9 November 2026 in Athens, Greece. As the leading trade fair for packaging and related technologies in Southeastern Europe, it is expected to host over 18 000 professionals and more than 300 exhibitors. The exhibition covers the full packaging and production chain, from materials and machinery to printing, robotics and logistics. Highlights include the 2nd Packaging Hub and parallel plastics exhibition, creating a dynamic platform for innovation, networking and international business growth. Complementing the main exhibition, the International Plastics, Machines, Moulds & Recycling Exhibition will run in parallel under the theme „Reinventing Plastics“, broadening the technological and environmental scope of the event. Photo: Lanza International Co., Ltd. industrial solutions, ranging from electrical cables and power components to water treatment and traffic management systems, supporting both prototype development and mass production. Kontron (Iskratel) In July 2023, the prominent Slovenia-based company Iskratel officially completed its transition to Kontron following a merger with S&T Slovenija and rebranding under its parent company, Kontron AG. The company has more than 75 years of experience as an EMS provider, including 20 years operating in a joint venture with Siemens AG. It delivers a broad range of broadband and communication solutions and is active in development, prototyping, production, and assembly. Kontrons portfolio includes numerous complex products, notably printed circuit boards with up to 22 layers and as many as 6500 integrated components. The company serves sectors such as telecommunications equipment, industrial electronics, measuring instruments, automation systems, automotive electronics, and household appliances. L-Tek Based in Sentjernej, L-Tek operates as a comprehensive EMS provider covering the entire product lifecycle from initial design to onshelf products. The company is specialized in the research, development, and production of complex electronic modules and electromechanical components for global markets. Its service portfolio includes R&D consulting, prototype development, and both small and large-scale serial manufacturing. Technical capabilities feature precision soldering, PCB assembly, and software integration, supported by advanced validation tools and supply chain management. L-Tek focuses on high-tech solutions, providing complete system integration and rigorous programming and testing services. MI Elektronika Founded in 1988 in Brezovica, MI Elektronika today operates a modern facility in Logatec, serving the medical, IoT, military, and metrology sectors. The companys SMT department features three placing lines, convection ovens and a highspeed NXTR line. They handle components from 01005 to precision BGAs, supported by 3D SPI and AOI systems. Capabilities include THT assembly with wave and selective soldering, as well as NCG machines for large power devices. The company provides a structured process from prototyping to serial production, including DFM/A support and full system integration. SG Automotive (Schefenacker Grah Automotive) Established in 1997 and part of the Odelo Group since 2007, SG Automotive specializes in electronics and lighting for the automotive industry. The company is a pioneer in LED technology for signalization and provides full product design and manufacturing. Its technical services include PCBA, wire harness production, and programming. Testing capabilities feature AOI, ICT, Flying Probe, X-ray inspection, and thermal testing.
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 9 SEE NEWS Sisecam expands coated glass capacity in Bulgaria Sisecam has completed a EUR 20 million investment in a second coated glass line at its flat glass facility in Bulgaria, boosting its footprint in the European architectural glass market. The new line will produce temperable, highperformance and energy-efficient glass, increasing product diversity and R&D flexibility. With the added capacity, the company aims to deliver more high-tech coated glass with strong light transmission and insulation, alongside birdfriendly and automotive heatable athermic glass, meeting rising demand for sustainable solutions. The expansion is also expected to strengthen the company’s competitive position and support further growth in international sales. EBRD backs EUR 34 million solar push in Southern Romania The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is deepening its support for Romania’s clean energy transition with a financing package of up to EUR 34 million for two major solar power plants in the country’s south. The funding will go to Solar World SRL, RB Solar Energy SRL and Energie Soleil SRL, three newly established Romanian companies created to develop, build and operate the projects. Combined, the two plants will deliver 189,7 MW of installed capacity. Once operational, they are expected to generate roughly 286,9 GWh of electricity annually, enough to avoid an estimated 118 600 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions each year. The output will contribute meaningfully to Romania’s climate targets and its efforts to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Photo: Sisecam The company focuses on e-mobility and powertrain electronics, producing specialized components such as sensors, HVAC systems, and LED lighting modules. Smart Key Specializing in highly complex PCB assembly, Smart Key operates in ESD-regulated environments to ensure maximum component protection. The company provides flexible manufacturing, from initial prototyping to large-scale series. It is supported by a strong partnership with Nano Elektronika. The production floor is equipped with automatic stencil printers, pick-and-place machines, reflow ovens, and selective soldering modules. Beyond contract manufacturing, the company develops proprietary hardware like IoT open platforms, secure mobile charging stations, and smart lighting systems. The process integrates automated SMT/THT placement with 2D SPI and AOI control for high-reliability output. SMT The company, based in Portoroz, was founded in 1979. It is a family-owned business, specializing in electronic product development and manufacturing. SMT d.o.o. has expertise in both SMT and THT component assembly. It offers a wide range of EMS services, including research and development, prototyping, manufacturing by surface mount and through-hole technology, soldering, conformal coating, testing etc. The company is active in the full-cycle production of electronic systems, adapting to various production scales from prototypes to larger, specialized series. Its certifications include ISO 9001, 14001, and 45001. Strip’s Founded in 1995, Strips provides EMS and ODM services for the automotive, medical, emobility, and smart energy sectors. The company covers the entire service chain, from concept design and prototyping to industrialization and serial production. Its technical capabilities include SMT and THT assembly, laser marking, conformal coating, and programming. Quality assurance is managed through various test methods, among which are SPI, AOI, ICT, FCT, and burnin testing. Utilizing lean manufacturing and ensuring full material traceability, the company specializes in customized electronic solutions and full system integration. Tronitec Tronitec provides integrated EMS solutions from prototyping to serial production. The company, which operates across Slovenia, Austria, and China, specializes in precise SMT assembly and a wide range of PCBs for the automotive, medical, and telecommunications sectors. Its European offices are responsible for sales, distribution, and compliance, while the Chinese branch manages production quality and logistics. With decades of experience, today Tronitec focuses on flexible delivery models and technical support for the Southeast European market, specifically in electronics for traffic signalization and industrial applications.
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 10 COMPANY ARTICLE New Elements of the Dielectric System of MV Overhead Lines Dr. Sava Handjiev & Ivan Handjiev, MEng Typically, 110 400 kV transmission lines are built very conservatively, with technology that is almost from the Stone Age. In normal overhead line construction, the insulation distances from phase to phase in the pole are determined by the need to maintain an acceptable level of insulation under certain weather conditions. It means that the distance between the conductors in the pole of a conventional overhead line is significantly over-engineered from an electrical point of view. Particular attention is paid to transmission lines, while distribution lines are often ignored. However, this should not mean that medium voltage power lines are of less importance. On the contrary, they are the backbone of the electricity industry, distributing loads from distribution stations to consumers. The construction of distribution power lines 11 36 kV is done using technology from the 1960s concrete or wooden intermediate poles and lattice steel towers for anchoring poles. Techniques are developing fast and a lot of new technologies are being introduced, but the technology used for the construction of medium voltage lines is still from the middle of the last century. With the development of composite materials, the gradual replacement of glass insulators with composite ones began. But this is not enough. New technologies, together with the construction of generating stations from renewable sources, require power lines to be able to transmit the generated power over long distances when the construction of high-voltage substations is not feasible. Composite Poles as a New Paradigm Composite poles are the new player in the power line system. Until now, concrete/lattice steel towers have not been considered as an element of the insulation system of the overhead line, as reinforced concrete and steel structures are able to conduct electric current. Live conductors must be insulated from grounded conductive brackets and poles. Taking into account the experience gained in the operation of polymer insulators and supporting structures made of fiberglass in construction in different countries of the world, experiments began on the creation of composite, primarily poles. The pioneers of the practical application of such poles were the electricity grids of the USA and Canada. This is due to challenging weather conditions in these countries: frequent hurricane winds, severe winter conditions, etc. Under such conditions, the significantly greater elasticity of fiberglass compared to reinforced concrete or steel allows the poles to withstand temporary overloads without damage and irreversible deformations. Equally, the development of composite materials opens up broad opportunities in the construction, repair and operation of overhead power lines of all voltage classes. The use of strong and lightweight poles allows us to reconsider the principles of ensuring reliability under mechanical loads. Despite the fact that the materials for their production, fiberglass and epoxy resin, are insulating, it is difficult to say whether the poles as a final product are insulators without additional tests. Three Module Composite Poles 11 – 33 kV Since 2012, under the Power-line brand, fiberglass composite poles have been developed and manufactured by Handjiev Ltd. for the European MV network. Replacing 24 kV concrete/lattice steel towers in inaccessible mountainous areas without roads or in harsh conditions is a challenging, complex and labor-intensive process due to their length and weight. Special transport is required, and reaching the site is almost impossible in rainy and snowy winter weather. The installation of long and heavy poles that require a concrete base is a great challenge for the engineers from the distribution companies. In severe conditions, such as sub-zero temperatures, strong winds and blizzards, it takes a week just to restore the foundations and for only one concrete/lattice steel tower to be installed per day and that is valid only for flat terrain. For partially accessible mountainous areas, restoration works can take even longer. Imagine an emergency team that can quickly restore a damaged pole within 2 3 hours without a crane, even in a severe blizzard and sub-zero temperatures! This is not science fiction, as fantastic as it sounds. Handjiev Ltd. has developed and patented special constructions that solve the problems associated with the regular or emergency replacement of existing concrete/lattice steel towers. They are designed and manufactured in accordance with Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds, three-modular composite poles (3CUP), to be bird safe fully dielectric. Relevant dielectric tests have been carried out for confirmation, showing high dielectric strength: 40 MΩ at height; and 217 MΩ at the periphery. The modular design, small dimensions and light weight allow the modules for two composite poles to be transported by off-road vehicles to the accident site and carried by hand to the installation site by two linemen. No crane or concrete foundation is required. All that is needed is a pre-dug trench. Installation is carried out only with backfilling. For the flanged anchor pole, only an existing concrete base from a damaged steel lattice tower is required. The restoration/replacement will take hours instead of weeks! The presence of V0 as a fire protection level and mechanical strength of the composite material as steel will give utility companies the advantage of being able to restore 3 4 damaged poles within one business day in severe weather conditions, in hard-to-reach areas without roads, dramatically reducing the duration of power outages for consumers. 3CUP poles are environmentally friendly with zero pollution during production and throughout their service life. The composite material is not harmful to the environment and can be easily recycled. Several types of composite poles have been developed depending on the method of installation and their purpose. · Intermediate composite pole type 3CUP with 3 modules with a maximum length of 5 m and a maximum weight of 60 kg, for direct burial with backfill; · Anchor composite pole type A3CUP with 3 modules with a maximum length of 5 m and a maximum weight of 60 kg, for direct burial with backfill; · Anchor composite pole type A3CUP-F with 3 modules with a maximum length of 5 m and a maximum weight of 60 kg, with a flange for installation on an existing latticed steel towers base, concrete floor or rocks with anchor bolts. 3CUP has been operating in Bulgaria since 2019 in the networks of ER South (formerly EVN Bulgaria) and ERP North. More than 50 poles have been installed. Bird Protection Coatings Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds requires distribution companies to use special materials to protect birds from being exposed to voltage when they land on or fly away from the conductorinsulator interface. Silicone coating for conductors for voltages up to 36 kV is much more effective than XLPE insulated conductors for the following reasons: · XLPE insulation is applied to the conductor only at the factory, which means that it can only be used when constructing new power lines. Laying such conductors on an existing overhead line means completely replacing the bare conductor with an insulated one, which reduces the efficiency of its use; · XLPE insulated conductors are not safe to touch and must be treated as bare conductors. The silicone coating is supplied in rolls of a certain length and can be installed on an existing conductor on an 11 36 kV overhead line; · The silicone coating has a much lower weight per linear meter than XLPE insulation, which means that there is no need to replace the poles; · Silicone coatings are rated for voltages up to 36 kV
south-east european INDUSTRIAL MARKET 11 COMPANY ARTICLE www.power-line.bg Bird Protection by Envertec Dielectric tests conducted in the high-voltage laboratory of ERP North on silicone coatings show that an Envertec coating can withstand voltages up to 40 kV. Breakdown occurs through the air gap of the connecting units. Envertec silicone coatings have been developed as a protective measure against bird electrocution and are certified for use in overhead distribution lines of class 0, with a phase-tophase voltage of 36/v3 kV, and in distribution networks of class I, with a phase-to-phase voltage of 72,5/v3 kV. They are manufactured and tested in accordance with AENOR EA0058:2016, ENDESAGE-BNA001:2017 and the international standard Enel GSCC030. They are intended for installation on existing lines. Their main purpose is to protect birds and other wildlife from electric shock, both from simultaneous contact with a conductor and a metal bracket, and from contact with two conductors or other live components. Due to their composition and nature, these coatings repel moisture build-up and are permeable to oxygen. · Compared to other materials, silicones stand out for their excellent and long-lasting hydrophobicity. Insulating components made of silicone rubber retain their hydrophobicity for many years. Leakage currents are minimized and discharges caused by dirt build-up are avoided even in the case of heavy surface contamination, as the hydrophobicity is transferred to the contaminated layer; · Based on accelerated climatic aging tests and their excellent resistance to chemical agents and UV radiation, these components are estimated to have a service life of over 20 years; · These coatings have a minimum silicone thickness of 3 to 6 mm (depending on the model), ensuring exceptional dielectric characteristics and UV resistance. They do not show color degradation or crystallization and remain effective even in areas with very high salt contamination; · The mechanical tests already carried out on the covers, in accordance with section 8.3.2 of EA0058:2016 by AENOR and section 7.3.2 of the ENDESA GE-BNA001 standard, guarantee their use at minimum temperatures down to -30°C; · On the other hand, the vulcanization process of the silicone used in all the coatings is carried out at a temperature between 180°C and 200°C, which allows their use at temperatures up to 200°C; · This upper limit is further supported by the reaction of the silicone used in the manufacture of these coatings, according to ANSI C29.132000 and C29.111989 (1), carried out by the independent laboratory LAPEM, according to report no. K304-150/2010; · Silicone coatings pose great conductivity features to the heat released from live equipment. Ice Formation A major problem for power lines during the winter time is icing. Poles are designed to withstand ice load up to 10 mm in diameter around the conductor. The weight of icing on conductors varies dramatically, depending on the type of ice (frost, sleet, wet snow), environmental factors (wind, temperature, water content), conductor size and location, ranging from negligible (frost) to massive loads such as 0,68 kg/m2 to over 1,7 kg/m2 or more for heavy frost/sleet, which significantly increases the mechanical stress on the line and the risk of collapse and total deformation of concrete/steel lattice poles, with densities ranging from light (0,01 g/cm3 for frost) to dense (0,9 g/cm3 for frost). The density of ice on conductors varies significantly depending on its type from light, fluffy frost (150 700 kg/m3) and wet snow (100 850 kg/m3) with low adhesion, to dense glazed ice (900 920 kg/m3), which is formed from supercooled droplets and is much heavier and strongly bonded, which affects the safety of the line and the flow of power. Factors affecting ice weight: · Density: - Frost: 0,6 0,9 g/cm3; - Wet snow: 0,1 0,7 g/cm3; - Crystalline frost (hoarfrost): 0,01 0,08 g/cm3 (very light). · Wind and droplet collision: Wind speed and droplet size (MVD) affect how much water (liquid water content) collides and freezes on the conductor, increasing the weight; · Conductor type: Larger diameter conductors or bundles may accumulate a different amount of ice than single conductors, although research has shown that the differences between single and bundled conductors may be minimal under some conditions. Impact on Power Lines A large amount of ice accumulation dramatically increases the mechanical stress on the conductor, straining poles and clamps. Engineers use sophisticated models and online monitoring to predict ice weight, often converting real-world observations to estimate icing on actual lines. But despite all calculations, the number of fallen or destroyed poles due to mechanical overloading with ice exists and there is a tendency for it to increase further. Icing Protection Due to the hydrophobicity of silicone insulation, these silicone coatings do not allow the formation of ice on the conductor. The formed water droplets freeze and fall under their own weight. The weight of Envertecs silicone covers for SWP16 conductor (0,3 kg/m) and the weight of silicone coatings for SPSC and STSC terminals (1,2 kg) are included in the calculated icing weights, but eliminate the possibility of its formation in all climatic conditions. The use of spiral coatings is impractical due to the need for cable ties placed every 30 40 cm to protect the coating from self-unfolding. The additional mechanical load on the conductor from their own weight is not taken into account. More importantly, the material from which they are made (PVC) does not have the hydrophobic properties of silicone and allows ice to form on them. In addition, PVC ages faster than silicone, which can cause frost damage and hence self-unfolding of the spiral coating. The SWP16 cover is attached to the conductor with a special zip fastener at its lower end. For security, a self-vulcanizing tape is placed at both ends of the 20 m cover. Cable ties are not required. In the networks of ER South, more than 12 000 pcs of STSC & SPSC are in operation, and more than 6000 meters of silicone covers SWP16 are in the networks of ERP North. The entire substation Biovet Peshtera 110/6 kV is fully equipped with Envertec silicone covers. Conclusions Three Module Composite Poles · To be used for emergency or permanent regular replacement of reinforced concrete and steel lattice poles in inaccessible areas without the use of specialized transport and/or crane equipment; · Easy transportation close to the installation site with an off-road vehicle and on foot to 60 poles can be loaded in a semi-trailer truck; · No crane or other lifting equipment is required a winch is sufficient; · No foundation required. The buried poles are secured only with backfill, and the flanged ones use a concrete foundation of a damaged steel lattice pole or monolithic rock; · The high dielectric features allow them to be considered as an insulator for voltages up to 20 kV or to use insulators with one voltage level lower for 36 kV lines; · Meet the requirements of Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds; · Resistant to weathering, UV rays and ozone for a minimum service life of 80 years; · 3CUP poles are environmentally friendly with zero pollution during production and throughout their service life. The composite material is not harmful to the environment and can be easily recycled; · UL 94:2018 certified, providing a V0 fireproof. Envertec’s Bird Protection Silicone Coatings · Main approach is the bare conductor to be covered on the length of the span; · Hydrophobic properties, preventing the conductor from icing in severe weather conditions with wind; · Full insulation for overhead lines up to 36 kV; · Can be used to cover high-temperature bare conductors; · Protect the power line from disconnection from contact or falling branches in the clearings in strong winds; · High degree of heat dissipation, have the same or even lower temperature than noninsulated live parts; · Reducing the insulation distance between live and grounded elements; · Allow reduction of the right-of-way of overhead lines up to 36 kV.
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